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[劳伦斯·塔利斯曼]

## 第1章：引言

## Chapter 1：Introduction

<p>人类始终传诵着鬼怪故事。从我们的先祖围着篝火缩在一起时，文明的初次颤栗，到英国圣诞传统文化中矫揉造作的恶灵，再到如今那些被发现的捉鬼"纪实"，我们总是为死亡及其之后会发生什么的可能性所着迷。我们有许多种讲述这些故事的方式，从令人安心，生畏，再到令人开怀的那些，但在所有这些故事之中，我们都抱着发现什么的期望寻求生死帷幕另一侧的事物。</p>

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Humans have always told ghost stories. From the first stirrings of civilization as our ancestors huddled around campfires, to the mannered spectres of English Christmastime tradition, to the found footage ghost hunting “documentaries” of today, we’ve always been fascinated with death and the possibility that there might be something that comes after. We’ve found a million ways to tell those stories, from the reassuring to the terrifying to the humorous, but in all of them, we’ve looked to the other side of the veil in hopes of finding someone there.

<P>《死灵：灵恸湮灭》是我们用于讲述鬼怪故事的另一种选择，属于那些不在旧石器时代的篝火旁讲述，也不由单一的讲述者诉说的故事。《死灵》规则的故事由玩家群体以及他们的说书人（ST）共同书写并讲述。当你坐下游玩《死灵》规则，你就在助力于续写一则属于你与你朋友的故事章节，一篇从未有人听过的鬼怪故事。</P>

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Wraith: The Oblivion is another way for us to tell ghost stories, only these aren’t told around that paleolithic campfire or by a single teller. The stories of Wraith are simultaneously written and told collectively by groups of players and their Storytellers. Sit down to play Wraith and you’re helping to write the next chapter in a tale that belongs to you and your friends, a ghost story that no one’s heard before.

<P>因为在《死灵》规则中，你要扮演那些鬼魂。</P>

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Because in Wraith, you play the ghosts.

<p>而这本书就是关于如何讲述这些故事的方法指南。它囊括了一名说书人（ST）与玩家们在游戏框架内讲述故事所需要的一切设定，规则，以及工具。这里有玩家需要的，关于成为一名死灵，一名心怀未竟之事，因情感与生者之地相联系的鬼魂的一切。书中即是他们探索的世界，描绘出属于他们的一切失败，胜利与冒险的工具。</p>

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It has all the settings, rules, and tools a Storyteller and players need to tell their tale within the framework of the game. Here is everything a player needs to become a wraith, a ghost with unfinished business, whose passions tie them to the land of the living. Here’s the world they explore, the means to map out all their defeats and victories and adventures.

<P>并且这也是《死灵》规则的关键所在：无关于"赢得"或是"失利"，因为在如《死灵》这样的游戏中这些概念并不适用。如果你以前玩过角色扮演游戏，那么你已经知道了这点；如果你并没有，那么就准备好迎接一种崭新的游戏体验，真正重要的是过程本身，而非既定的结果。这可能听着有些奇怪，但这并非你从未经历过的事情。只是这一次，你将扮演的并非条子或是劫匪，而是已经亡故但尚未准备好离开人世的某人。</P>

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And that’s the key to Wraith: not “winning” or “losing,” because in a game like Wraith those concepts don’t apply. If you’ve played roleplaying games before, you already know this; if you haven’t, get yourself ready for a new type of game experience, where the journey, not the arbitrary destination, is what matters. It may sound a little strange, but it’s nothing you haven’t done before. It’s just that this time, rather than playing cops and robbers, you’ll be someone else, someone who’s crossed over and isn’t ready to let go.

<p>你将会成为属于你自己的鬼怪故事的主角。</p>

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You’ll be the star of your own ghost story.

<p>所以，准备好，是时候潜入冥界，看看是什么在翘首以待了。是时候了解亡者的古老帝国，以及那被称为卡戎的伟大鬼魂的可悲遗赠了。是时候拿起武器对抗那湮灭的贪婪仆从们，漫步在你家乡的穷街陋巷上，纠缠那些曾在生前欺压过你的人了。是时候看看这本书能提供什么，并且把它转化成你自己的了。</p>

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So, let’s get started. It’s time to dive into the Underworld and see what’s waiting there. Time to learn about the ancient empire of the dead, and the tragic legacy of the mighty ghost known as Charon. Time to take up arms against the ravening servants of Oblivion, or to walk the mean streets of your hometown and haunt those who wronged you in life. Time to see what this book has to offer, and make it your own.

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### 一点历史 A Little History
<p>二十年前，《死灵》规则的初版将用于讲述这些故事的工具交付于人们的手中。它提供了如何扮演不眠死者中的一员的规则，并且勾勒出了他们所居住的那广袤的，令人生畏的死后世界。自初版起，《死灵》规则经历了许多改变。对设定的探究与扩展。对规则的添加与修订。随着游戏结束，故事完结，最终，世界——或者至少对玩家而言熟悉的那个版本的《死灵》规则下的经典世界，迎来了结局。</p>

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Twenty years ago, the first edition of Wraith put the tools for telling those stories in
people’s hands. It offered rules for playing one of the Restless Dead, and outlined the vast, terrifying world they inhabited postmortem. Since that initial edition, Wraith has seen a lot of changes.The setting was explored and expanded. Rules were added and revised. Games were played, stories were told, and ultimately, the world — or at least the version familiar to players of Wraith in its classic form — ended.

<p>但鬼怪故事的重点就在于结局并不总意味着终结。有些时候这不过只是开始。于是，二十年后，《死灵》规则以这个全新的，经过扩展和更新的版本重生了。如果对你来说这是《死灵》世界的入门介绍，那么你游玩所需要的一切都在书里了。无需担心旧版本的内容,也不必担心需要恶补。如果你曾游玩过《死灵》规则的早期版本，你可能注意到了一些改变——为了简化或修正旧规则而设计的新规则, 对设定进行调整以使其更具有一致性等等
——但本质未变，《死灵》仍是《死灵》。</p>

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But the whole point of ghost stories is that the end isn’t always the end. Sometimes it’s just the beginning.And so, two decades on, Wraith was reborn in this new, expanded, and updated edition.If this is your introduction to the world of Wraith, everything you need to play is right here. There’s no need to worry about content from older editions or catching up. If you played Wraith in one of its earlier incarnations, you will probably notice certain changes — new rules designed to streamline or correct older ones, adjustments to the setting to make it more cohesive, and others — but at its heart, Wraith remains Wraith.

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### 叙事与扮演 Storytelling and Roleplaying
<p>人类是讲述故事的生物。我们目睹一道闪电划过，之后我们便创造出了气愤的宙斯在奥林匹斯之上以怒火掷出雷电的故事。不论是在千页的史诗小说中，还是某一时刻发送的140字中，讲述故事都是我们自身本质以及本能行为的一部分。</P>

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Humans are storytelling creatures. We see a flash of lightning, and we create the story of angry Zeus on Olympus tossing thunderbolt in his rage. Telling stories, whether it’s in the thousand pages of an epic novel or 140 characters at a time, is part of who we are and what we instinctively do.

<p>并且在讲述故事时，我们扮演着那些故事中的角色。我们带上假面，伪装出那些不属于我们自己的声音。我们成为了英雄与恶人，高尚的战友与无辜的路人。我们成为了我们所讲述的故事的一部分。</p>

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And in telling stories, we take on the roles of the characters in those stories. We put on masks and assume voices not our own. We become the heroes and villains, the noble allies and the innocent bystanders. We become part of the stories we tell.

<p>《死灵》规则尽管并不属于"故事的讲述者与观众"这一传统的方式，但仍是这一叙事传统的一部分。一场《死灵》规则的游戏需要一名说书人（ST），设定舞台并指引行动的人，但故事并不独属于他们。每个玩家也通过承担一个角色或者我们说，扮演一位角色来做出贡献。角色的言行也同样助力于塑造故事，以确保它能被游玩的全员讲述与聆听。</p>

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Wraith is part of that storytelling tradition, albeit not in the traditional method of tale-teller and audience. A game of Wraith does have a Storyteller, someone who sets the stage and guides the action, but the story doesn’t belong to them alone.Each player also contributes by taking up a role, or as we call it, playing a character. What that character says and does also helps shape the story, making sure it’s told — and heard — by everyone playing.

<p>叙事体验的另一面在于扮演。《死灵》是一项传统意义上的角色扮演游戏。并非关于提升等级，而是提供了扮演某人并且体验存在于他人皮囊（或者在这种情况下称为，灵外质。）之中的机会。在这一层面上，它与我们儿时玩的那些，装作我们想要成为的超级英雄或巨大怪兽的游戏并无不同。唯一的区别在于规则：我们在秋千和攀登架上的扮演只受我们的想象力和下课铃声的限制。而《死灵》规则在另一方面，有具体的规则来帮助塑造行动和运作。规则设置了故事和世界的界限，让你知道自己能做什么、不能做什么，以及如何去做你的角色想要尝试的事情。他们提供了一种解决冲突和描述挑战的手段。当还是孩子的我们在讲述的故事中起了冲突时，我们会为此吵起来："我抓到你了！" "你没抓到！" "抓到了！"。而在《死灵》中，我们会在必要的时候确认规则并且进行合适的掷骰以达成类似的事情。</p>

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The flipside of the storytelling experience is the roleplaying one.Wraith is a roleplaying game in the classic sense, less about leveling up than it is about the opportunity to play someone else and experience what it’s like being in their skin (or, in this case, ectoplasm). On that level, it’s no different from the games we played as kids, pretending to be superheroes or giant monsters or whatever we wanted to be. The only difference is rules: The roles we played on the swing-set or jungle gym were bounded only by our imaginations and the recess bell. Wraith, on the other hand, has specific rules to help shape the action and move it along. The rules set up the boundaries of the story and the world, letting you know what you can and can’t do, and how to do what your character wants to try.They provide a means for resolving conflicts and describing challenges.As kids, we argued “Got you!” “Did not!” “Did too!” when we hit a moment of conflict in the stories we were telling. In Wraith, we check the rules and roll the appropriate dice, if needed, to accomplish the same thing.

<p>在书中第三章里有你游玩《死灵》所需要的所有规则。这些是最基础的规则。你会在书中其他部分找到的内容--无论是我们谈及的称作冥法（Arcanoi）的幽灵力量，还是如何用灵体子弹进行枪战--都是为了让故事更加鲜活而填充的细节。</p>

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All of the rules you’ll need to play Wraith are located in Chapter Three. Those are the basics. The others that you’ll find elsewhere within — whether we’re talking about the ghostly powers called Arcanoi or how to do a shootout with spectral bullets — are the specifics that give the story, for lack of a better word, life.

<p>《死灵》规则进行游戏的基本形式，无论是真实还是虚拟，都是由玩家们坐在同一张桌旁共同游玩，并且一起经历正在进行的战役的一章。虽然在游戏中的玩家数量没有确切上限，但超过六个的话往往游戏就会变得不便于运作。事实上，你不能保证所有玩家都能在每次跑团的时候到场，这意味着说书人（ST）必须为那些玩家不在时的角色圆上故事，并且最好让事情变得更简单轻松。</p>

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Wraith, in its basic form, is played by everyone sitting down at a table, real or virtual, and going through a chapter of the ongoing campaign together. While there’s no official upper limit for the number of players you can have in a game, more than a half dozen tends to get unwieldy. Throw in the fact that you can’t always get everyone in the group together for every session, meaning Storytellers will have to cover for characters whose players aren’t there, and it’s best to keep things simpler, and smaller.

This post has been edited by 劳伦斯·塔利斯曼: 2023-03-21, 16:45